© 2024 International Network of Civil Liberties Organizations & Physicians for Human Rights

Library

Lethal in Disguise 2 follows the original 2016 report and offers updated descriptions, case studies and fact sheets on kinetic impact projectiles (KIPs), chemical irritants, water cannons, disorientation devices, acoustic weapons and batons.

In addition, previously unseen devices in crowd control such as drones, electronic shock weapons, heat rays and blinding lasers are analysed in order to understand their mechanisms, deployment and effects.

Report Sections

Section

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Kinetic Impact Projectiles
Health effects, history, mechanism of action, case studies, advancements in uses and technology…
Chemical Irritants
Health effects, history, mechanism of action, case studies, advancements in uses and technology…
Water Cannons
Health effects, history, mechanism of action, case studies, advancements in uses and technology…
Disorientation Devices
Health effects, history, mechanism of action, case studies, advancements in uses and technology…
Acoustic Weapons
Health effects, history, mechanism of action, case studies, advancements in uses and technology…
Batons
Health effects, history, mechanism of action, case studies, advancements in uses and technology…
New Frontiers
Health effects, history, mechanism of action, case studies, advancements in uses and technology…
Legal Framework
International Human Rights Law, International, national and regional best practices
Recommendations
Recommendations on the use of less lethal weapons

Human rights standards

Investigations

Amnesty International: Tear Gas - An Investigation. What it is, how it is abused and why you should care

Link

Amnesty International: Tear Gas - An Investigation. What it is, how it is abused and why you should care

Amnesty, Omega: Essential Elements of the Torture-Free Trade Treaty

Download

Amnesty, Omega: Essential Elements of the Torture-Free Trade Treaty

Unhealed Wounds: The Faces Behind the Injuries of Crowd-Control Weapons is a multimedia project combining photography, video and audio recordings

Link

Unhealed Wounds: The Faces Behind the Injuries of Crowd-Control Weapons is a multimedia project combining photography, video and audio recordings

Amensty International My Eye Exploded

Link

Amnesty International and Omega Research Foundation: This briefing explores the widespread, global misuse of kinetic impact projectiles (KIPs), often called rubber or plastic bullets, in the policing of public assembly.

Guides for protesters

Original Report

Lethal in Disguise

In 2016, INCLO and PHR published the groundbreaking report Lethal in Disguise: The Health Consequences of Crowd-Control Weapons.

It documented the misuse and abuse of crowd-control weapons (CCWs), their detrimental health effects and the impact of their use on the meaningful enjoyment of the rights to freedom of assembly and expression. The report highlighted the proliferation of CCWs and the widespread misuse of these weapons resulting in injury, disability and death.